by Ben Keylor | Feb 25, 2025 | Addiction Treatment, Therapies
Dual diagnosis refers to the condition where an individual experiences both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder (SUD) simultaneously. These co-occurring conditions are more common than many people realize, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Untreated, they often lead to a cycle of relapse and worsening mental health symptoms. Therefore, treating both mental health and substance use disorders together has proven to be a more effective approach than addressing each issue separately.
Dual diagnosis treatment programs focus on healing the whole person by addressing the underlying root causes of both substance use and mental health disorders. Rather than just managing symptoms, these programs take a comprehensive approach that considers the physical, emotional, and psychological factors contributing to addiction.
Many individuals struggling with substance misuse are also experiencing unresolved trauma, chronic stress, or co-occurring mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or PTSD. By integrating evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with trauma-informed care, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), medication management, and holistic practices like mindfulness and wellness activities, these programs help clients develop healthier coping mechanisms.
This whole-person approach promotes long-term healing by fostering self-awareness, emotional regulation, and resilience, ultimately reducing the risk of relapse. Dual diagnosis treatment goes beyond detox and symptom control, empowering individuals to rebuild their lives with a strong foundation in mental, emotional, and physical well-being. By treating both addiction and mental health simultaneously, these programs provide a path to sustainable recovery, allowing clients to regain control and achieve lasting success.Now lets take a closer look and explore the key benefits in more detail.
Mental Health Disorders That Often Co-Occur with Substance Use Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder (social phobia), are characterized by persistent and excessive worry, fear, and nervousness. Many individuals with anxiety disorders turn to substances like alcohol or benzodiazepines as a way to self-medicate. Unfortunately, this can worsen anxiety in the long run, leading to a vicious cycle of reliance on substances for relief.
Depression
Depression is another mental health disorder commonly seen alongside substance use. Those struggling with depression often experience persistent sadness, lack of energy, and feelings of hopelessness. Some individuals use drugs or alcohol to numb their emotional pain or to escape from their overwhelming thoughts. However, substances often make depressive symptoms worse over time, contributing to increased isolation and a sense of helplessness.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, characterized by alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression, often co-occurs with substance use disorders. These mood episodes significantly impact functioning and are distinct from typical mood fluctuations. Individuals with bipolar disorder may use substances to self-medicate symptoms of mania, hypomania, or depression. However, substance use can exacerbate mood instability, increase the frequency and severity of mood episodes, and complicate treatment.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It’s common for individuals with PTSD to turn to substances like alcohol or drugs as a way to cope with the intense emotions, flashbacks, and nightmares associated with their trauma. However, self-medicating with substances can often exacerbate the symptoms of PTSD and make recovery more difficult.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior (ex:delusions, hallucinations – auditory and/or visual, disorganized thinking). It’s not uncommon for individuals with schizophrenia to use substances in an attempt to manage symptoms or as a means of coping with the stigma and isolation associated with the disorder. Unfortunately, substance use can make the symptoms of schizophrenia worse, leading to more frequent psychotic episodes and greater difficulty functioning in daily life.
Why Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Often Coincide
Neurobiologically, both mental health disorders and substance use disorders involve changes in brain chemistry, particularly in areas related to reward, impulse control, and emotional regulation. For example, substances like alcohol, opioids, or stimulants alter neurotransmitter levels, such as dopamine and serotonin, which play crucial roles in mood and cognition. This overlap in brain function explains why individuals with mood disorders, schizophrenia, or PTSD may have a higher risk of developing an SUD.
Moreover, substance use can act as a trigger for mental health conditions. For instance, heavy or prolonged drug use, particularly with hallucinogens or stimulants, can induce psychosis, paranoia, or severe anxiety. Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable, as their developing brains are more susceptible to the negative psychological effects of substances.
Additionally, substance use can exacerbate existing mental health disorders by intensifying symptoms, interfering with medication effectiveness, and increasing impulsivity, leading to self-harm or suicidal thoughts. Because of this complex relationship, integrated treatment approaches that address both conditions simultaneously are essential for effective recovery and improved long-term outcomes.
The 5 Key Benefits of Dual Diagnosis Treatment for Lasting Recovery
- Holistic Approach to Healing
Dual diagnosis treatment addresses both the mental health disorder and the substance use disorder simultaneously, providing a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to each individual’s needs. This holistic approach ensures that both conditions are treated at the same time, allowing for a more integrated and effective recovery process.
- Reduced Risk of Relapse
When individuals only receive treatment for one condition—whether it’s their mental health disorder or their substance use disorder—they are at a higher risk of relapse. This is because untreated conditions can exacerbate one another, leading to a return to substance use as a coping mechanism. Dual diagnosis treatment helps to reduce this risk by addressing both issues together, offering the tools and skills necessary to manage both conditions effectively.
- Improved Coping Strategies
By treating both the mental health and substance use issues, dual diagnosis therapy teaches individuals healthier coping strategies. Whether it’s learning to manage stress without alcohol, or developing emotional regulation techniques to handle anxiety without turning to drugs, these new coping mechanisms are vital for long-term recovery. They help individuals navigate life’s challenges without falling back on substances.
- Better Long-Term Mental Health
Treating both mental health and substance use disorders leads to more sustainable improvements in mental health. By managing symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, or other disorders while simultaneously addressing addiction, individuals experience more stable moods and overall emotional well-being, reducing the need for substances to cope.
- Stronger Support Networks
Dual diagnosis treatment often includes both individual therapy and group support, helping individuals connect with others who understand their experiences. Being part of a supportive community can reduce isolation and provide encouragement during difficult times. Support networks play a critical role in recovery, offering a sense of belonging and helping individuals stay committed to their healing journey.
Northstar Recovery Center is Here to Help
If you or someone you know is struggling with co-occurring disorders, seeking professional help through dual diagnosis treatment is a crucial step toward healing. Northstar Recovery Center offers outpatient Day Treatment Programs that do just that.
Our compassionate team uses many therapeutic and recovery modalities to create individualized treatment plans that promote lasting recovery. We have locations in Southborough and West Springfield, MA, and are available to help 24/7.
You don’t have to go through this alone. Give us a call today: 888-339-5756
by Steve Windward | Feb 18, 2025 | Addiction Treatment, Substance Abuse
Substance use has played a complex and evolving role in the history of New England, reflecting broader societal trends, economic forces, and public health challenges. From the early colonial days to the modern opioid crisis, patterns of drug and alcohol consumption in the region have been shaped by cultural attitudes, legislative measures, and medical developments. Understanding this history provides valuable insight into the current landscape of substance use and addiction treatment in New England.
Colonial and Early American Period (1600s–1800s)
Substance use in New England dates back to the earliest European settlers. In the 1600s, Puritans and other colonists brought with them a deep-seated reliance on alcohol, particularly beer, cider, and rum. Drinking was an integral part of daily life, as fermented beverages were often safer to consume than water, which was frequently contaminated. Rum, distilled from molasses imported via the transatlantic triangular trade, became a major industry in colonial New England, particularly in Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
Despite widespread alcohol consumption, New England’s Puritan roots fostered a moralistic approach to intoxication. While drinking itself was not condemned, excessive drunkenness was viewed as a sin and was sometimes met with legal consequences. Laws regulating taverns and prohibiting public intoxication reflected these concerns.
By the early 19th century, temperance movements began gaining traction in New England. Fueled by religious revivalism and concerns over social decay, these movements advocated for moderation or complete abstinence from alcohol. In 1826, the American Temperance Society was founded in Boston, quickly amassing a large following and setting the stage for nationwide prohibitionist efforts.
The Rise of Prohibition and Its Aftermath (1800s–1933)
New England played a leading role in the national temperance movement. Maine, for example, became the first U.S. state to enact a statewide prohibition law in 1851 under the leadership of Neal Dow, a prominent temperance advocate. This “Maine Law” served as a model for other states and laid the groundwork for national prohibition decades later.
With the ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1920, alcohol became illegal across the United States. However, prohibition was met with widespread resistance in New England, particularly in urban centers like Boston, where speakeasies and bootlegging operations flourished. Organized crime took advantage of the ban, smuggling alcohol into the region from Canada and other sources.
By 1933, the failure of prohibition to curb alcohol consumption or organized crime led to the repeal of the 18th Amendment. After prohibition ended, alcohol regained its place in American society, though heavily regulated. The legacy of the temperance movement persisted in some parts of New England, with lingering restrictions on alcohol sales in certain towns and counties.
The Rise of Prescription Drugs and Illicit Substances (20th Century)
As alcohol consumption normalized in the mid-20th century, new concerns emerged regarding the use of other substances. The post-World War II era saw a surge in the medical use of barbiturates, amphetamines, and opiates, which were initially prescribed for pain relief, sleep disorders, and mental health conditions. By the 1960s and 1970s, however, the recreational use of illicit drugs—including marijuana, LSD, and heroin—became increasingly prevalent, particularly among young people.
New England cities like Boston and Hartford saw growing heroin use, linked to social unrest, economic downturns, and the Vietnam War. Soldiers returning from Vietnam brought home experiences with heroin, exacerbating addiction rates. At the same time, concerns over drug-related crime led to harsher law enforcement policies and mandatory sentencing laws.
The “War on Drugs” policies of the 1980s, initiated by the Reagan administration, disproportionately affected urban communities in New England. Strict penalties for drug offenses led to increased incarceration rates, but they did little to curb the demand for substances like cocaine and heroin. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies began aggressively marketing opioid painkillers, which would have devastating consequences in the coming decades.
The Opioid Crisis and the Modern Landscape (1990s–Present)
New England has been one of the regions hardest hit by the opioid epidemic, which began in the 1990s with the over-prescription of painkillers such as OxyContin. Purdue Pharma, headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, played a central role in promoting these medications as safe and non-addictive, despite growing evidence to the contrary.
As prescription opioids became more tightly regulated in the 2010s, many users turned to cheaper and more accessible alternatives such as heroin and fentanyl. Overdose deaths skyrocketed, particularly in states like Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid significantly more potent than heroin, further intensified the crisis, leading to a dramatic increase in fatal overdoses.
New England has responded to the crisis with a range of harm reduction and treatment initiatives. Supervised injection sites, expanded access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and the widespread availability of naloxone (Narcan) have become key components of the region’s public health strategy. Additionally, legal action against opioid manufacturers and distributors has resulted in significant financial settlements intended to fund addiction treatment programs.
The Importance of Quality Treatment Facilities
Given the ongoing substance use crisis, finding a quality detox, residential, and outpatient facility is crucial in addressing addiction effectively. Proper treatment centers provide medically supervised detoxification, reducing the risk of complications and ensuring a safer withdrawal process. Residential programs offer structured environments that allow individuals to focus on recovery without the distractions or triggers of everyday life. Outpatient addiction services help patients maintain their daily responsibilities while receiving continuous support through counseling, therapy, and medication-assisted treatment.
A high-quality treatment facility should offer individualized care plans, access to licensed medical professionals, and evidence-based therapies. The integration of mental health services is also essential, as many individuals struggling with substance use disorders have co-occurring mental health conditions that need to be addressed simultaneously. Without comprehensive treatment, relapse rates increase, and long-term recovery becomes more difficult to sustain.
modern challenges require modern solutions
The history of substance use in New England is a story of cyclical patterns—initial acceptance, rising concerns, legislative intervention, and unintended consequences. From the rum trade of the colonial era to the opioid epidemic of today, substance use has been deeply intertwined with economic, social, and political forces. While significant challenges remain, the region continues to evolve in its approach to addiction, focusing on harm reduction, treatment, and policy reform in an effort to address one of the most pressing public health crises of the modern era.
Northstar Recovery Center, with locations in West Springfield and Southborough, MA, is in the fight against the opioid epidemic and addiction from substance and alcohol misuse. If you or someone you know is struggling, contact us to get the help you need today. Our representatives will assist you in finding the proper level of care for where you are at, and support you throughout your recovery journey.
Give us a call and reclaim your life: 888-339-5756
by Kind Co | Feb 17, 2025 | Addiction Treatment, Early Sobriety
The iconic American poet Walt Whitman famously said, “Keep your face always toward the sunshine – and shadows will fall behind you.” Millions of people are unable to see this “sunshine.” This is because they struggle with issues of anxiety and alcohol use disorder. The good news is there are many means, methods, and modalities that can help one recover from not just one affliction but both.
Better Understanding Addiction
Addiction is more prevalent than many people realize; it’s one of the most prominent health issues both in the U.S. and around the world. This is especially true with alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is the most common form of addiction worldwide.
Many people are also unsure of what addiction is. These people often minimize addiction as some sort of moral failing or “choice.” This is simply false. Addiction is a disease and is more similar to other chronic conditions like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes than it is a choice.
Addiction is also a “family disease.” This is because addiction does not just affect the individual, but it affects everyone and everything it touches. It has been said that addiction is like a tornado that rips through the lives of everyone in its path. Again, this can be especially true with AUD.
Better Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder
According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), “28.9 million people ages 12 and older (10.2% in this age group) had AUD in the past year. This includes 16.8 million males ages 12 and older (12.1% in this age group),” and “12.0 million females ages 12 and older (8.3% in this age group.” AUD also causes significant harm to both the individual struggling and the loved ones around them.
According to the peer-reviewed journal Cureus, “Time and again history has proven that this fatal addiction [AUD] could make the life of those who consume it terrible. Also, the lives of the dear ones of alcoholic people are affected as alcohol not only affects those who consume them but also kin and friends. Various research studies conducted over many years clearly show the association of prolonged alcohol intake in the causation, aggravation, worsening, and deterioration of the health of its consumers.” Similar effects can be felt by those struggling with severe anxiety (as well as those around them).
Better Understanding Anxiety
Anxiety affects millions of people around the world. Also, this is not just “worry” (though that is certainly part of it). Anxiety is a clinical condition that needs professional help if one is going to get better and live a more functional life.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), “Feeling anxious is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. However, anxiety disorders involve more than occasional worry or fear. For people with these disorders, anxiety does not go away, is felt in many situations, and can get worse over time.” There are also many types of anxiety disorders. This includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various phobia-related disorders.
Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common form of anxiety disorder. It is also one that many people struggle with and don’t even realize it. This is often because they feel that everyday “worry” is just a normal part of life. The reality is that it should not be.
According to NIMH, “[P]eople with GAD feel extremely worried or nervous more frequently about these and other things – even when there is little or no reason to worry about them. GAD usually involves a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that interferes with how you live your life. It is not the same as occasionally worrying about things or experiencing anxiety due to stressful life events.” Another very common form of anxiety disorder is panic disorder.
Understanding Panic Disorder
According to NIMH, “People with panic disorder have frequent and unexpected panic attacks. These attacks are characterized by a sudden wave of fear or discomfort or a sense of losing control even when there is no clear danger or trigger. Not everyone who experiences a panic attack will develop panic disorder.” This last aspect of panic disorder is important because, while not everyone who has a panic attack may have panic disorder, they should still seek professional help to be sure.
It is also important to understand that panic attacks can often arise from underlying trauma. Many people don’t realize just how common trauma is around the world. This is true both in first-world and third-world countries.
According to the peer-reviewed journal Psychological Medicine, “General population studies have shown that a large proportion of people in developed countries have been exposed to at least one TE [traumatic event] in their lifetime (estimates from 28 to 90%), with the most common events being the unexpected death of a loved one, motor vehicle accidents and being mugged. Much more limited evidence for less developed countries suggests that fatalities due to injuries and accidents are more common in low and middle-income countries than in high-income countries; for example, road injuries are the 10th leading cause of lost years of life in developed countries and the 8th leading cause in developing countries.” Social anxiety disorder can also be caused by trauma.
Understanding Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder is often the most discussed anxiety disorder. This is because many people feel that they struggle with it. However, there are certain criteria that must be met to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder.
According to NIMH, “Social anxiety disorder is a common type of anxiety disorder. A person with social anxiety disorder feels symptoms of anxiety or fear in situations where they may be scrutinized, evaluated, or judged by others, such as speaking in public, meeting new people, dating, being on a job interview, answering a question in class, or having to talk to a cashier in a store. Doing everyday things, such as eating or drinking in front of others or using a public restroom, may also cause anxiety or fear due to concerns about being humiliated, judged, and rejected.” There are also those who struggle with phobias alongside their social anxiety.
Many people have heard of various phobias throughout their lives, such as a fear of flying and a fear of snakes. However, it is important to note that phobias are more intense than simply experiencing unpleasant fear.
Phobias and various phobia-related disorders can be debilitating. They also require serious and direct intervention to overcome them. Often, this is done via psychotherapy like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is also commonly used to help individuals who struggle with co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use.
Better Understanding Co-Occurring Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
Many people don’t realize just how common co-occurring issues of mental health and addiction actually are. This includes anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, “7.7 million adults have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders…. Of the 20.3 million adults with substance use disorders, 37.9% also had mental illnesses. Among the 42.1 million adults with mental illness, 18.2% also had substance use disorders.”
It’s also true that many people are unsure of which issue they acquired first. This is because many people choose to manage their anxiety by self-medicating with alcohol. Then, there are millions of people who become addicted to alcohol, and as a byproduct, they end up struggling with an anxiety disorder. Regardless of which came first, the reality is that the signs and symptoms of anxiety and AUD often look the same.
The Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
Anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are complex diseases, and, yes, as previously mentioned, they are diseases. Now, of course, the signs and symptoms of anxiety and AUD are going to vary based on the individual. However, there are some universal signs that someone may be struggling. The following are just a few of those universal signs and symptoms:
- Isolating away from family and close friends
- Losing interest in activities once enjoyed
- Loss of appetite and sudden changes in weight (loss or gain)
- Feeling overly anxious, nervous, or “stressed out”
- Struggles with sleep cycles, including sleeping too much and not sleeping enough (hypersomnia and insomnia)
- Having feelings of worthlessness, helplessness, or hopelessness
- Feeling depressed
- Engaging in other risky behaviors
- Exhibiting excessive mood swings
- Not being able to stop
- Harming oneself or others
- Having suicidal ideations
As one can see, anxiety and AUD should never be minimized. They can be life or death. This is why if any, many, or all of these symptoms are present it is important to seek professional help as soon as possible. Doing so could mean the difference between short-term side effects and long-term consequences. The good news is that there is hope and help.
Recovering From Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
There are many effective ways to treat anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The key is to treat them at the same time. If one issue is treated and not the other there is a significant chance of one of them coming back. Also, if one issue comes back, the other is usually not far behind.
Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for people struggling with these issues to either get under-treated or not get the treatment that they require at all. According to the peer-reviewed journal Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, “There is evidence for substantial [under-treatment] of anxiety disorders. In a large European study, only 20.6% of participants with an anxiety disorder sought professional help. Of those participants who contacted health care services, 23.2% received no treatment at all, 19.6% received only psychological treatment, 30.8% received only drug treatment, and 26.5% were treated both with drugs and psychotherapy.”
However, those who do seek treatment should do so in a multi-angled way. This means that they should utilize as many modalities as possible for recovery. This includes experiential therapies like nature immersion and art therapy, holistic healing methods like yoga and mindfulness meditation, and “traditional” psychotherapies like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
‘Traditional’ Therapy for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
Psychotherapy is a common method for treating anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This is because psychotherapy works at getting to the underlying issues that often cause anxiety and AUD.
Psychotherapy works to help show an individual the negative way that they have been viewing themselves and the world around them. Once this realization is made, then the individual can start to work on their negative cognitions (thoughts), emotions (feelings), and behaviors (actions) associated with their anxiety and AUD. Experiential therapies can also be highly effective at treating anxiety and AUD.
Experiential Therapy for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
Experiential therapy is more about the “experiences” an individual has, rather than mere discussion (though, of course, this is a big part of it). Nature immersion therapy is one of the most used and most effective types of experiential therapy. This is because nature has been shown to be highly effective at helping an individual recover from issues of mental illness and addiction.
According to the U.S. National Park Service, “5 minutes walking in nature improves mood, self-esteem, and relaxation. Frequent exposure to nature reduces anxiety and depression while promoting a sense of wellbeing and fulfillment.” Also, “physical activity in a green space can reduce stress and lower cortisol levels by 15%.” Nature immersion therapy also offers a myriad of other benefits.
The benefits of nature have long been known. According to the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, “Individuals living and interacting in green spaces (GS) report being more energetic, in good overall health and, have more of a sense of meaningful purpose in life. Current scientific findings are illuminating what humans intuitively know: nature has great benefits for the human brain and this is shown through increased happiness, health/well-being, and cognition. Historically speaking, Cyrus the Great intuitively built lush green gardens in the crowded urban capital of Persia 2500 years ago to increase human health and promote a sense of ‘calm’ in a busy city.” Holistic healing methods also offer this sense of calm.
Holistic Healing Methods for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
The iconic yoga and spiritual leader B.K.S. Iyengar famously said, “As animals, we walk the earth. As bearers of divine essence, we are among the stars. As human beings, we are caught in the middle, seeking to reconcile the paradox of how to make our way upon earth while striving for something more permanent and more profound.” Holistic healing methods like yoga therapy and mindfulness meditation have been around for thousands of years.
Initially, these holistic methods were used solely as religious and/or spiritual practices, but they have since moved into other areas, including recovery. Yoga and meditation offer many benefits. These benefits include a better sense of peace and serenity, better balance and flexibility, and lowered stress (which is ideal for anxiety).
Working With Others: 12-Step Recovery for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder
It has been said that working with others is essential for addiction recovery. This is even discussed in the primary text of 12-Step recovery (commonly referred to as the Big Book).
The Big Book states, “Practical experience shows that nothing will so much insure immunity from drinking as intensive work with other alcoholics. It works when other activities fail…. You can help when no one else can.” Working with others truly helps both parties involved.
The Importance of Long-Term Success at Northstar Recovery Center
Here at Northstar Recovery Center, we believe in long-term success over short-term “fixes.” This includes our day treatment plans, which are always comprehensive and individualized, focusing on the future.
Recovery is out there. There is hope. We can help.
Many people don’t realize that alcohol is a depressant. This also means that many people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) also struggle with anxiety. The good news is there are many effective means, methods, and modalities that can help one recover from both AUD and anxiety. If you feel like you or a loved one is struggling with issues of addiction, mental illness, or co-occurring disorders, we can help get you on the positive path toward long-term recovery right away. You don’t have to go through this process alone. For more information about the best recovery options for AUD and anxiety, please reach out to Northstar Recovery Center today at (888) 311-0911.
by Ben Keylor | Feb 11, 2025 | Detox to Recovery, Journey to Healing
Alcohol is ingrained in our society as a part of social gatherings, celebrations, and even relaxing moments, but it can also be a silent destroyer of health. Chronic alcohol consumption affects nearly every organ in the body, but none more so than the liver. The liver is the body’s primary detoxifying organ, responsible for processing alcohol and clearing toxins from the system. When alcohol is consumed in excess over time, it can lead to significant liver damage.
In this Part 1 of our Liver Transplantation Series, we will take an in-depth look at how alcohol damages the liver, the four key stages of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD), and what signs to look out for.
How Alcohol Damages the Liver
The liver works hard to metabolize alcohol. However, excessive drinking forces the liver to work overtime, leading to an accumulation of harmful substances that can cause damage. The timeline for liver damage varies from person to person depending on factors such as genetics, overall health, and how much and how often alcohol is consumed.
For some, heavy drinking may only need a few years to cause liver damage, while for others, it may take decades. It’s important to understand the potential risks of excessive alcohol consumption and how to recognize when it is becoming a danger to your health.
How Much is Too Much?
There is no universal threshold for how much alcohol is “too much,” but certain guidelines can help. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines heavy drinking as:
- For women: More than 8 drinks per week or more than 4 drinks on a single occasion
- For men: More than 15 drinks per week or more than 5 drinks on a single occasion
ALD Warning Signs & Symptoms
The signs of alcohol-related liver damage may not be obvious initially. However, here are some key warning signs that you may be drinking too much and damaging your liver:
- Fatigue and feeling run-down
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Changes in stool color (pale or tarry stools)
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
If you notice these signs, it’s important to seek medical advice as liver damage can progress silently over time.
The Stages of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease
Stage 1: Inflammation (Alcohol-Induced Hepatitis)
At this early stage of ALD, the liver becomes inflamed due to the toxic effects of alcohol. Alcohol-induced hepatitis can occur after a period of heavy drinking and can be accompanied by mild or no symptoms. In some cases, it can develop into more severe forms, leading to lasting liver damage.
Symptoms of alcohol-induced hepatitis may include:
- Abdominal pain and tenderness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Fatigue and weakness
Intervention and Outlook: The good news is that alcohol-induced hepatitis is reversible if the individual stops drinking. With proper medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and support, inflammation in the liver can be reduced. However, continuing to drink during this stage can accelerate progression to more severe liver damage. If you are diagnosed with alcohol-induced hepatitis, immediate intervention is crucial to prevent further damage.
Stage 2: Fibrosis
At this stage, the liver begins to develop scar tissue (fibrosis) as a result of ongoing inflammation. Fibrosis occurs when the liver attempts to repair itself after repeated injury from alcohol. While the liver can still function at this stage, it becomes less efficient at carrying out its duties.
Symptoms of fibrosis may include:
- Abdominal swelling (ascites)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Swelling in the legs or feet
- Easy bruising
Intervention and Outlook: Although fibrosis can be slowed or stopped with proper treatment, it’s not reversible. Stopping alcohol consumption is essential at this stage, as continued drinking will accelerate the formation of more scar tissue and lead to cirrhosis. A liver biopsy may be required to assess the severity of the scarring, and medical management will focus on reducing liver stress and preventing further complications.
Stage 3: Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver tissue to the point where the liver’s ability to function is severely impaired. In this stage, scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, and the liver becomes hardened and lumpy. Cirrhosis can be caused by chronic alcohol abuse, as well as other conditions like viral hepatitis or fatty liver disease.
Symptoms of cirrhosis may include:
- Severe fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice
- Confusion (due to buildup of toxins)
- Swollen abdomen and legs
- Spider-like blood vessels on the skin
Intervention and Outlook: Cirrhosis is irreversible, but the condition can be managed if detected early. Stopping alcohol consumption is critical in preventing further liver damage. Treatment may involve medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications like bleeding or infection. In some cases, a liver transplant may be necessary, particularly if liver failure occurs.
Stage 4: End-Stage Liver Disease (ESLD)
At this stage, the liver is no longer functioning at a level that can support life. The damage is so severe that the liver can no longer repair itself. End-stage liver disease is the final and most serious stage of alcohol-induced liver disease.
Symptoms of ESLD may include:
- Severe jaundice
- Severe ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
- Mental confusion or encephalopathy (where the brain doesn’t receive enough blood or oxygen)
- Internal bleeding (from varices or ulcers)
- Kidney failure
- Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss
Intervention and Outlook: At this point, a liver transplant is often the only option for survival. The process of obtaining a liver transplant can be lengthy, but it is the only way to replace a failed liver. Without a transplant, the condition is fatal.
Start Your Recovery Journey
Alcohol-induced liver disease is a progressive condition that can lead to life-threatening complications if not managed properly. The good news is that liver damage can be prevented and, in some cases, reversed if intervention happens early on. It is vital to recognize the signs of liver damage and seek medical help before the disease progresses to end-stage liver disease. Reducing alcohol consumption or quitting altogether can make a significant difference in liver health, as well as overall health.
If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol or substance misuse, get help today: (888) 927-4097.
In Parts 2 and 3 of our Liver Transplantation Series, we will explore what happens next once you reach end-stage liver disease (ESLD), including the journey towards a liver transplant and life after surgery. Stay tuned!
by Kind Co | Feb 5, 2025 | Addiction
The Buddha famously said, “You can search throughout the entire universe for someone who is more deserving of your love and affection than you are yourself, and that person is not to be found anywhere. You, yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe deserve your love and affection.” Many people forget this reality, especially individuals who struggle with comorbidities of addiction and mental illness. Now, the good news is that these feelings of love and affection are always available. The key is to connect to the right recovery center and the right type of treatment.
Better Understanding Addiction
Many people don’t realize just how prevalent addiction is. This is especially true in the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), “In 2022, 48.7 million people aged 12 or older (or 17.3%) had a substance use disorder (SUD) in the past year, including 29.5 million who had an alcohol use disorder (AUD), 27.2 million who had a drug use disorder (DUD), and 8.0 million people who had both an AUD and a DUD.”
It is also important to understand that addiction is a disease. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), “Addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences. The initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, but repeated drug use can lead to brain changes that challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. These brain changes can be persistent, which is why drug addiction is considered a ‘relapsing’ disease – people in recovery from drug use disorders are at increased risk for returning to drug use even after years of not taking the drug.”
The reality is that relapses are more common than many people may think. According to the peer-reviewed journal Current Psychiatry Reports, “It has long been known that addictive disorders are chronic and relapsing in nature. Recent estimates from clinical treatment studies suggest that more than two-thirds of individuals relapse within weeks to months of initiating treatment.” Also, “For 1-year outcomes across alcohol, nicotine, weight, and illicit drug abuse, studies show that more than 85% of individuals relapse and return to drug use within 1 year of treatment.” These relapses are also significantly more common among people who struggle with comorbidities of addiction and mental illness.
Better Understanding Mental Illness
As with addiction, mental illness is also very common among people in the U.S. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), “Mental illnesses are common in the United States and around the world. It is estimated that more than one in five U.S. adults live with a mental illness (59.3 million in 2022; 23.1% of the U.S. adult population). Mental illnesses include many different conditions that vary in degree of severity, ranging from mild to moderate to severe.”
It is also important to understand that mental illness is not a monolith. There are many different types of mental illnesses. These include anxiety disorders, depression, and schizoaffective disorder. There are also many other questions regarding mental health. According to SAMHSA, “Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices…. Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior.” Mental illness also commonly co-occurs with addiction.
Better Understanding Comorbidities of Addiction and Mental Illness
Many people don’t realize just how common comorbidities of addiction and mental illness actually are. According to NIDA, “7.7 million adults have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders…. Of the 20.3 million adults with substance use disorders, 37.9% also had mental illnesses. Among the 42.1 million adults with mental illness, 18.2% also had substance use disorders.”
It is also important to understand that addiction and mental illness are both “diseases.” Many people are under the misconception that they are some sort of moral failing or “choice.” Nothing could be farther from the truth. Addiction and mental illness have more in common with other chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes than they do a choice.
Because they significantly affect more people than just the individual who is struggling, addiction and mental illness are also “family diseases.” They affect everyone involved. This is why many people refer to addiction and mental illness as “tornadoes that destroy everyone and everything in their path.” However, just as the family may be the most affected, they also have an opportunity to have the greatest effect on whether or not a loved one is going to get the help that they need. But, to do this, the family must know the signs and the symptoms to look out for.
The Signs and Symptoms of Addiction and Mental Illness
Of course, the signs and symptoms of addiction and mental illness are always going to vary based on the individual. However, one can look out for many universal signs and symptoms of addiction and mental illness. The following are just a few of those signs and symptoms:
- Experiencing physical ailments such as headaches, body aches, and gastrointestinal problems
- Feeling anxious, nervous, or overly “stressed out”
- Having feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness
- Not being able to stop once starting drinking or using
- Having trouble with sleep cycles, including sleeping too much and not sleeping enough (hypersomnia and insomnia)
- Losing interest in activities once enjoyed
- Isolating away from family and close friends
- Experiencing trouble at work or school
- Loss of appetite and a lack of care regarding physical appearance and wellbeing
- Exhibiting excessive mood swings
- Causing harm to oneself or others
- Having suicidal ideations
Now, many people can minimize addiction and mental illness, or falsely categorize them as that previously mentioned “choice.” However, as one can see, these signs and symptoms are significant and can be deadly. This is why reaching out for professional help as soon as possible is vital. Doing so could mean the difference between short-term side effects and long-term consequences.
The Causes of Addiction and Mental Illness
There are also many causes of addiction and mental illness. For example, genetics is now understood to have a large influence on addiction. According to the Psychiatric Clinics of North America, “Genetic and environmental influences modulating the risk of SUDs change developmentally and across the lifespan. In a longitudinal twin study, Kendler and colleagues found that gene effects in alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine addictions were low in early adolescence but their relative importance gradually grew in adulthood. In contrast, the effect of family environment declined from childhood to adulthood.”
There are also other causes of addiction and mental illness. This includes familial influences, such as having a parent or sibling who struggles with alcohol use disorder (AUD) or substance use disorder (SUD). It also includes environmental factors. There is evidence that shows increases in addiction and mental illness in lower economic areas, as well as among certain populations. Such populations include combat veterans and the LGBTQIA+ community. Now, the good news is that no matter the origins, there are many effective means, methods, and modalities that can help one recover from issues of addiction and mental illness.
The Benefits of Day Treatment for Addiction and Mental Illness
There are many effective programs for addiction and mental illness. The key is to find the right one that works for the individual. This may be residential addiction and mental health care if the symptoms are more severe and require 24/7 attention. However, for many people, day treatment is the ideal form of recovery.
Many people are under the misconception that day treatment is less intensive than residential care. This is simply untrue. Day treatment often requires the individual to engage in recovery eight hours a day, five days a week. It also often requires regular alcohol and substance testing and attendance at 12-Step recovery meetings. Day treatment also utilizes many of the same recovery modalities used in residential care. This includes psychotherapies like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
Recovering From Addiction and Mental Illness With Psychotherapy
Psychotherapies like DBT and CBT can be particularly effective because they help get to the underlying issues that often cause addiction and mental illness. For example, it is important to remember that addiction is about much more than simply picking up the drink or the drug. It is about what causes the individual to pick up that drink or the drug in the first place. This is why many people in 12-Step recovery say, “It is more about the thinking than it is about the drinking.”
CBT can also be highly effective because it focuses on “symptom reduction” and makes the individual an “active participant” in their own recovery. According to the peer-reviewed journal Cognitive Therapy and Research, “Consistent with the medical model of psychiatry, the overall goal of treatment is symptom reduction, improvement in functioning, and remission of the disorder. In order to achieve this goal, the patient becomes an active participant in a collaborative problem-solving process to test and challenge the validity of maladaptive cognitions and to modify maladaptive behavioral patterns…. Although these strategies greatly emphasize cognitive factors, physiological, emotional, and behavioral components are also recognized for the role that they play in the maintenance of the disorder.”
DBT also offers some very specific benefits for recovery from addiction and mental illness. One of the reasons is that it focuses on “skills training.” According to the peer-reviewed journal Psychiatry (Edgmont), “If the skills learned in therapy sessions do not transfer to patients’ daily lives, then it would be difficult to say that therapy was successful. As a result, a second critical function of DBT involves generalizing treatment gains to the patient’s natural environment. This function is accomplished in skills training by providing homework assignments to practice skills and troubleshooting regarding how to improve upon skills practice.” Other effective treatments include experiential therapies.
Recovering From Addiction and Mental Illness With Experiential Therapy
Experiential therapies focus on “experiences” rather than conversation (though this can be a big part of the process). There are many types of experiential therapies. This includes art therapy and nature immersion therapy.
Art therapy offers a myriad of benefits, especially for individuals struggling with mental illness. According to the peer-reviewed journal Cureus, “Art therapy is used most commonly to treat mental illnesses and can aid in controlling manifestations correlated with psychosocially challenging behaviors, slowing cognitive decline, and enhancing the quality of life. [It] can help people express themselves more freely, improve their mental health, and improve interpersonal relationships. The basis of art therapy is established on the idea that people can recover and feel better via artistic expression.” People can also feel better via nature.
Nature immersion therapy has been shown to offer many benefits for individuals struggling with addiction and mental illness. According to the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, “Besides improvements to physical and psychological well-being, exposure to natural environments has been shown to bring about positive impacts on cognitive functioning…. While cognitive restoration and physiological well-being are the prominent and renowned benefits of nature exposure, there is one important construct that is often overlooked in environmental psychology research studies – that is, the human-nature relationship; also known as connectedness to nature (CN).” This CN can also be found in many holistic healing methods.
Recovering From Addiction and Mental Illness With Holistic Healing Methods
Holistic healing methods like yoga and mindfulness meditation have been practiced for thousands of years. Originally, they were solely religious or spiritual practices, but they have since moved into the realm of addiction and mental illness recovery.
The benefits of yoga therapy are vast and varied. According to the International Journal of Yoga (IJOY), “Therapeutic yoga is defined as the application of yoga postures and practice to the treatment of health conditions. Yoga therapy involves instruction in yogic practices and teachings to prevent reduce or alleviate structural, physiological, emotional, and spiritual pain, suffering, or limitations. Yogic practices enhance muscular strength and body flexibility, promote and improve respiratory and cardiovascular function, promote recovery from and treatment of addiction, reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, improve sleep patterns, and enhance overall well-being and quality of life.” Meditation also offers similar benefits.
Mindfulness meditation has been shown to be particularly effective at helping with emotional regulation regarding addiction and mental illness. According to the International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda (AYU), “During the process of meditation, accumulated stresses are removed, energy is increased, and health is positively affected overall. Research has confirmed a myriad of health benefits associated with the practice of meditation. These include stress reduction, decreased anxiety, decreased depression, reduction in pain (both physical and psychological), improved memory, and increased efficiency.” Other holistic healing methods include massage, acupuncture, aromatherapy, and reiki.
Recovering From Addiction and Mental Illness With Northstar Recovery Center
Here at Northstar Recovery Center, we believe in long-term recovery over short-term “fixes.” This is why all of our treatment plans are individualized and comprehensive with a focus on the future.
The Buddha also famously said, “Just as treasures are uncovered from the earth, so virtue appears from good deeds, and wisdom appears from a pure and peaceful mind. To walk safely through the maze of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and the guidance of virtue.” This guidance is what one gains from recovery, and the wisdom comes from putting in the work.
Recovery is out there. The key is to go out there and get it. There is hope. We can help.
Many people don’t realize just how common the comorbidities of addiction and mental illness are. The reality is that many people who struggle with addiction end up acquiring some form of mental illness. Also, individuals with pre-existing mental illnesses are more likely to end up struggling with some form of addiction. If you feel like you or a loved one is struggling with issues of addiction, mental illness, or co-occurring disorders, we can help get you on the positive path toward long-term recovery right away. You don’t have to go through this process alone. For more information about comorbidities of addiction and mental illness, and how best to recover, please reach out to Northstar Recovery Center today at (888) 311-0911.
